E verybody in this world is a cus t omer . Human beings need a variety of goods and ser vices righ t from cradle t o grave. All cus t omers are buyers and all buyers are not cus t omers. Then who are the cus t omers and how they behave while purchasing a particular product is very import an t f or mark et ers. Consumer behaviour ref ers t o the buying behaviour of the final consumer s – individuals and households who buy goods and ser vices f or personal consump tion

The Indian ec onom y is predominan tly agricultural as it c on tribut es about 22 perce n t of the national GDP and sus t ains livelihood of about 72 perce n t of the population it is obvious that there is need f or f ocusing on agriculture growth f or national deve lopmen t. Aft er in troduction of new t echnology in agriculture deve loping c oun tries have witnessed unprecede n t ed process of c ommercializ ation in this sect or .

The assessmen t of wat er quality and pollution has been carried out during 2009-2010 . Samples of the wat er from the Y elgaon Dam were colle ct ed during March 2009 t o F ebruary 2010 and analyz ed f or wat er and atmospheric t emperature, humidity , dissolved o xygen, B. O .D ., C. O .D .,pH, alk alinity , dissolved solids, suspended solids and hardness due t o magnesium calcium and chlorides. As this Dam is the only source of pot able wat er at and around the Buldana city , the scien tific s tudy by using ph ysiochemical paramet ers is the need of the day . The presen t article describes the diversity of wat er of Y elgaon Dam. The quality inde x was work ed out and compared with the ISI s t andards

The are a of s tudy is situat ed in the eas t ern part of CGC and consisits rock s of high grade met amorphism . It comprises mainly of gneisses of various types t ogether with basic granulit e and charnokit e. Chemically granit e gneises show both peralluminous and met aaluminous nature

his paper e xplores the prospects f or reverse mort gage (RM) products in India. Developed coun tries are f aced with severe budget ary c ons train ts i n sus t aining their curren t uni versal and li beral Old Age Social and Income Security (O ASIS) programmes. Developing coun tries are slat ed t o f ace acut e problems in meeting the O ASIS needs of their project ed population of the elderly .

Man is the mos t adaptive creature on the planet because of the ev olution of the human brain, especially the part called the neo-cort e x. This adapt ability is largely due t o the changes and s tressors that we have f aced and mas t ered. Theref ore, we, unlik e other animals, can live in an y climat e or ecos ys t em, at various altitudes, and avoid the danger of predat ors. Moreover , mo s t recen tly , we have learned to live in the air , u nder the sea, a nd even in space, where no living creatures that we know of have ever sur vived especially children and employers. So then, what is so bad about s tress? And how we can develop men t al health in children and employers?

T he ligand Succin yl1 N1, N4-di [benzothiaz ol-2yl] Succinamide (SBAS) has been prepared by condensation reaction between 2-Aminobenz othiaz ole with succin yl dichloride in benz ene media. Coordination polymers of Mn [II], Co [II], Ni [II] with ligand SB AS have been prepared in DMF media. The analytical dat a are f ound t o be consis t en t with 1:1 met al: ligand s t oichiometry .Elemen t al analysis, spectral [IR, NMR], thermal, XRD , and SEM s tudies of the coordination polymers have been undert ak en t o sugges t probable s tructures t o newly s ynthe siz ed coordination polymers. All the newly s ynthe siz ed coordination polymers are f ound t o be coloured cryst alline powders and insoluble in common organic solven ts.

Indian Government should enlist the support of the United Nations multilateral financial institutions, India's trading partners and national and international government organization to the pervasive problems of caste based abuse. It should also place a priority on strengthening institutional mechanisms aimed at addressing issues of violence and discrimination. The genuine initiatives are needed to target the root causes of the problem involving the politicians, social activists, judiciary, executive and media to abolish the untouchability and problems of Dalits. This will bring the equality, justice, freedom and fraternity in true sense.

R et ail mark eting is heavily influenced by “ goods services” . The level of cus t omer service provided by ret ail s t ores t oday is actually the result of f orces that have ev olved over a period of years. The services provided by ret ailers and quality perceived has become the new area of f ocus and att en tion f or presen t researcher because of its s trong impact on business perf ormance, lower cos ts, cus t omer deligh t and cus t omer satisf action

In this paper an att empt has been made t o s tudy spatial dis tribution of agro service cen tres and there relationship with ph ysical and economic al f act ors are correlat ed with the number of agro service cen tres in the s tudy area. These fact ors are altitude, soil types, net sown area, irrigat ed area and agricultural implements. Actually , the t ot al picture is result of the cumulative eff ect of all these f act ors. En vironmen t al f act ors are aff ecting on diff eren t cat egories

The presen t s tudy was conduct ed in Sagar division of Madh ya Pradesh with the objective t o s tudy the role of SHG (Self Help Group) members in decision making process. It was f ound that Members of SHGs belonged t o sub- urban population were more democratic in comparison t o rural population. There was significan t diff erence between OBC (Other Backward Class) and ST (Scheduled T ribes) population on Decision Making Ques tionnaire (DMQ )

Being a dearth of proper sanitation, good ventilation, pure drinking water, proper housing and other civic amenitiesslums are unfavorable for human health. Because of filthy and dirty atmosphere slums are the massive generators of common ailments to which slum dwellers fall pray. Being weaker section of society and i.e. too living in slums women are highly vulnerable to many contagious, incurable and chronic diseases. The health status of women living in slums is most degradable than that of women living in rural area

The word “ democracy ” has even derived from the Greek word 'democrats'-'demo' meaning people and 'Krat os' meaning rule. Greek democracy , as practiced in A thens during the f ourth cen tury BC, was the closes t appro ximation t o the lit eral meaning of the t erm. In f act the A thenian 'demos' had more 'krat os' (power) than an y other people sinc e then. In Greek democracy direct participation was possible in public affair s. The is due t o the f act that the siz e of the polis was small. Plat o , f or e x ample, sugges ts the ideal siz e of the polis t o be something below six thousand

Fluvial depositional features, particularly in-channel features, are closely associated with the decrease in discharge and increase in sediment load. A shoal becomes a bar and gradually increases in length, width and height under these two favourable conditions and growth of vegetation makes it a permanent one. The River Gumti, the largest river of Tripura with a catchment area of 2492 km2, is facing the problem of siltation in its plain stretch. The total discharge of the river is 3738 m3/s and total annual flow is 24, 93, 99,000 m3. The total amount of sediment load was increased about 3.7 times between 2008 and 2010 whereas discharge becomes half between 2007 and 2010.

Learning envir onmen t on academic achievemen t seems t o be import ant f or two reasons firstly it provide a creative and appropriat e view f or educational adminis trat ors and secondly it helps f or t eacher t oo that will be designing such classroom climat es f or active in t eraction between s tuden ts and t eachers. This paper f ocuses about the need and import ance t o compare the diff eren t areas, in which learning en vironmen t eff ectiveness so that schools could be provided such type of learning en vironmen t f or s tuden ts.

The proposal of this paper presents a measurement-based routing algorithm to load balance intra domain traffic along multiple paths for multiple multicast sources. Multiple paths are established using application-layer overlaying. The proposed algorithm is able to converge under different network models, where each model reflects a different set of assumptions about the multicasting capabilities of the network. The algorithm is derived from simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation and relies only on noisy estimates from measurements.

The DCC Banks occupy a position of cardinal importance in three-tier credit structure in India. They came into existence due to failure of PACCs to collect the required sources of village community on one hand and to inspire the habit of thrift saving among the members to private strong capital base on the other. The PACCs could not meet the credit requirements of their members. Hence the need was felt to provide parental help to primaries. The DCC Bank is a federal society of all primary co-operative societies in a district. This Bank provide financial assistance to village primary societies, which requires for providing it further to their members

The issue of quality has become critical in man y coun tries that are e xpanding enrolmen ts rapidly t o achieve E ducation f or All by 2015. The demand f or qualified and quality t eachers has been con tinuously on the increase the world over . T o improve the t eacher educ ation s ys t em in the coun try , National Council f or T eacher E ducation (N CTE), which sets norms and s t andards f or quality t eacher education and ensure planned and coordinat ed developmen t of t eacher education, is conducting a nation wide s tudy on the demand and supply of t eachers and t eacher educat ors at the school level, f or the years 2007-08 t o 2016-17.

elevision is one of the powerful media in India and it had impact ed lif e of every human being in the modern society . Due t o the t echnological advances, cable t elevision has reached man y of the rural households and influences the lives of the rural women. T oday , women are immensely benefit ed from the t elevision programmes, that are movies, music, health, social s t atus, economic activities, political developmen ts, empowermen t programmes of the governmen t, self-employmen t, education, career , health, f amily lif e, et c. The presen t paper highligh t ed the impact of the t elevision on society and its influence on rural women in general

Insurance business was initially started in India in 'Arya Samaj' 3000 years ago. In the 'Kautillayas Arthashasthra', there is a reference of insurance business. The first Life Insurance Policy was issued on 18th June 1583, on the life of William Gibbons for a period of 12 months. The Finance Minister Shri. C. D. Deshmukh had decided to nationalities the insurance business in 1954. It was declared at 'All India Radio' at 8.30 on 19th January 1956 by Shri. C. D. Deshmukh. In 18th January 1956 bill for establishment of Life Insurance Corporation of India came into being from 1st September 1956

The Purpose of the s tudy was t o find out the diff erences in speed and agility among t ennis volle yball Players and V olleyball Players of Sangli dis tract in Maharashtra. 30 t ennis volle yball Players and 30 V olleyball Players were t ak en f or the s tudy . It was f ound the V olleyball Players are having good Heigh t and W eigh t compare t o t ennis volle yball Players. It is recommended t o in volve medium heigh t players in t ennis volle yball

Capit al mark et is the mark et which gives capit al t o the business and individual en t erprises. It generat es capit al f or the long t erm and short t erm requiremen ts of the capit al mark et. There are three componen ts of the Capit al Mark et: 1. St ock Mark et, 2. Money Mark et, 3. F oreign Ex change Mark et

This paper develop s a frame work t o unders t and the eff ect of trauma in the lif e s t ories of sur vivors across the aut obiographical writings. T rauma has social roots such as social in diff erence t o the sur vivor and suff erer consequen t depression resulting in traumatic and s tress disorders. The paper probes in t o some trials made by Sri RK Narayan t o overc ome the trial of , death of his wif e and tries t o find out the m ys t ery of lif e and death from Graham Green, an American writ er/ philosopher/dev ot ee of sage, Ramana Maharshi, and off ers his own therapy , medit ation t o come out of the trauma “My Days” a memoir is t ak en up as case s tudy .

The Comput er aided modeling and analysis of crankshaft is t o s tudy was t o evaluat e and compare the f atigue perf ormance of two compe ting manuf acturing t echnologies f or aut omotive crankshafts, namely f orged s t eel and ductile cas t iron. In this s tudy a dynamic simulation was conduct ed on two crankshafts, cas t iron and f orged s t eel, from similar single cylinder f our s trok e en-gines. Finit e elemen t analysis was perf ormed t o obt ain the variation of s tress magnitude at critical locations boundary conditions were applied, acc ording t o the engine mounti ng conditions. The analysis was done f or diff eren t engine speeds and as a result critical engine speed and critical region on the crankshaft were obt ained. The dynamic analysis was done analytically and was verified by simulations in ANS YS

The objectives of the s tudy are t o (1) Increase amount of biogas by adding various types of micronutrien ts. (2) Improve the quanti ty of biogas by adding f ood was t e & solid was t e. One floating drum type diges t er used with a volume of 2 m3. 15 k g c ow dung with a 20 lit of wat er were added. Three Micronutrien ts i.e. F erric chloride (F eCl3), Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) & Nick el chloride (NiCl2) were added at the rat e of 10 mg/lit, 1mg/lit, 1 mg/lit respectively at alt ernat e ten days. Daily gas generation in diges t er were measured in t erms of heigh t of floating dome & Moisture Con t en t, T ot al Solids and V olatile Solids

Various biomolecules of our body are susceptible to free radicals attack resulting in oxidative damage of the cells. Antioxidants can only combat these damages. Education, being an interdisciplinary subject has an intimate relation with biological science and has a great role in awaring school children about proper nutrition and diet through health education.

In this P aper , we are discussing about a security which is essen tial f or t oday world . we briefly discuss the Digit al wat ermarking and his t orical developmen t of wat ermarking which is use as a one of the t ool f or hiding dat a/ inf ormation . W e also in troduce various dat a hiding t erminologies used in curren t lit erature and att empt has clear dis tinction of them. Digit al wat ermarking is the process of embedding inf ormation in t o a digit al signal in a way that is difficult t o remove. The signal may be audio , pictures or video. In visible wat ermarking, the inf ormation is visible in the picture or video. T ypically , the inf ormation is t e xt or a logo which iden tifies the owner of the media.

Chocola t e! Chocola t e is lik ed and ea t en by all age gr oup of people. It ma y be in a f orm of har d, nut ties, crunch y or chew . It is a v ailable in small, big and f amily pack. Chocola t e has man y shapes lik e as r ect angle, spher e or a brick shape. It tas t es lik e sw eet and bit t er . Some people hav e chocola t e in a glass of cold c off ee, or in the f orm of a t off ee. Some people ea t chocola t e when they ar e sad; some r elish them when they ar e happy . But I f eel, t o ha v e chocola t es we don't need a r eason, because we can ha v e it an ytime, an y season!

Emplo yee welf are facili ties enable work ers to live a richer and mo re satisfact ory lif e. After emplo yees have been hired, trained and remunerat ed they need t o be ret ained and main t ained t o serve the organiz ation bet t er . W elf are f acilities are designed t o t ak e care of the well being of the employees, they do not generally result in an y monit ory benefits t o the employees nor are these f acilities provided by employers alone, governmen t and non- governmen t al agencies and trade unions t oo con tribut e t owards employee's benefits.

Sara Abooback er is the fines t model of radical author in the Indian W riting in English who she dares t o write about the cultural m ys teries in the religion which t oo in religion lik e Islam. It is approved of by neither the religion nor the c ommunity . She wiseacres t o slyly c on vey the message through the fiction the ec cen tricity of religion, resulting implicitly in rebellion agains t the s trange and vicious religious cus t oms which m ys teriously c ontrol the human lif e, it is suc cessfully done as well.

The human resources are relat ed t o the en tire population of the coun try . Human resources is asset of the coun try which could be put t o productive work. These are the energies, skill, t alen t and knowledge of the people. The human resources developmen t is based on the conc ept that every human being has some pot en tial t o do remark able things. It is a con tinuous process and can achieved by organizing the organiz ational process in a specific method which can creat e organiz ational climat e f or developmen t, can motivat e human resource t o do a job, can give f eeling of a t eam and can developmen t in the people.

In this study an attempt is made to evaluate the effectiveness of Morita Therapy on shyness among male and female adolescents in Gachsaran city (Iran). The sample included 83 students who were selected through the multistage random sampling and were assigned into experimental and control groups. They were administered Shyness Assessment Test (SAT) developed by D'Souza (2006). Shyness of the adolescents was measured through 3 domainscognitive/ affective, physiological and action oriented. After initial scrutiny, those with high levels of shyness were selected and divided into experimental and control groups.

Girls lik e boys can bless with V edic mantr as and observe brahmcharya. In V edic period available evidenc e shows that education was denied t o women. With the coming of Muslims, the purdhah s ys t em was in troduced which confined even mos t Hindu women t o the f our walls of their houses. There were no ins titutions f or the education of girls such as there were for boys. Lord Curz on sup port ed the cause of women education when Europeans came t o India. Aft er independence with the es t ablishmen t of democratic set-up of governmen t the s t atus of women has undergone dras tic change. The problem of girl's education has also been e x amined during the las t decade. K oothari commission (1964-66) has made the recommendations f or the education of girls at the undergraduat e s t age, separat e colle ges f or girls may be es t ablished if there is a local denied at the pos t graduat e level, howe ver , there is no jus tification f or separat e ins titution. The significanc e of the girls' education cannot be over-emphasiz ed f or all developmen t of human resources.

The objective of this s tudy is t o det ermine the eff ect of t eacher's socio education back ground on Mathematics an xiety and academic achievemen t in high school s tuden ts. The sample comprised 600 (286males and 314 f emales) 8th, 9th and 10th grade high school s tuden ts from K arnat ak a, K erala and T amil nadu s t at es. Mathematics an xiety scale (MAS) and demographic ques tionnaire carried out on the s tuden t's group sample and t eacher's socio education back ground is e xplained by observable t eacher's socio education back ground such as age, education and e xperience.

Tourism is the most desirable human activity which is responsible for the regional development and economical growth of any region. In world now tourism is the largest service industry which provides employment and foreign currency earning. In India this largest service industry but in Maharashtra having potential but not much developed so here Bhimashankar has been assessed for the development of tourism. Bhimashankar is the famous religious place because its one of the jyotirling and as well as natural place. Is is dominated by Brahmin population working as pujari in temple of lord shiva

This paper has prepared t o fitful the presen t need of India and E thiopia by Mek elle University at E thiopia. The diff eren t types of renewable sources are specifically evaluat ed in the economic al perf ormance of the overall equipmen t. Energy has the basic necessity f or the economic developmen t of the coun try . The developmen t of electrical power and its use aff ect the s t andard of living in a coun try . With increased indus trial developmen t in a coun try and there has a more and more demand f or electrical power . In order t o meet the large and ever increasing power demand it becomes necessary t o t ap all the sources in the coun try f or developmen t of electric power and utiliz e those mos t economic ally t o produce and use maximum power . The power plan t that can be developed are s t eam, h ydro-electric, nuclear , diesel and gas plan t

The dairy indus tries companies run mainly on the f act ors such as availability , service frequency , affordabil ity , t as t e and mark eting. A vailability is plays a vit al role because purchasing power is depend upon availability of that product, in case dis tribut ors and ret ailers service matt er a lot. A ret ailer or ret ail s t ore is an y business en t erprises whose sales volume comes primarily from ret ailing. Mark et penetration is one of the f our growth s trat egies of the Product-Mark et Gr owth Matrix defined b y Ansoff . Mark et pe netration oc curs when a compan y en t ers/penetrat es a mark et with curren t products.

En vironmen t al haz ards result in subs t anti al human movemen t and displacemen t. The global assessmen t of the W GBU clearly gives emphasis t o the influence of frequen t haz ards, such as floods and droughts as en vironmen t al s tressors that con tribut e t o migration. As the world approaches the year 2050, scien tis ts e xpect that tipping poin ts will be e x ceeded and rapid-onset natural haz ard even ts will increase (IPCC, 2007). The mos t widely cit ed es timat e of 200 million migran ts by 2050 (Brown, 2008) sugges ts that en vironmen t ally induced migration could soon in volve up t o 3 per cen t of the curren t world population (CIA, 2008) in jus t f our decades from now . The social and economic cos ts of this uprooting, acc ounti ng f or both losses and responses, have not been es timat ed yet.

Giving a lecture to students that is centred to teacher him/herself is considered less effective and does not encourage them to boost their creativity. This situation makes the students less capable to analyze, observe, and solve the problems in creative manner. One of the teaching models that use learner as a centre to get knowledge is 5E instructional model (engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration, and evaluation). The present study was conducted to examine the effect of 5E instructional model on mathematical creativity of eighth grade students. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample of 32 students from one school of Kurukshetra city of Haryana. The sample was divided into two groups. The control group was taught by traditional approach and the experimental group was taught by teaching approach based on 5E instructional model. Mathematical creativity was measured using the Creative Ability in Mathematics Test developed by Balka (1974). Mann's Whitney Test indicated that experimental group has higher scores on post-test than control group. The result of the study indicates significant effectiveness of 5E instructional model on mathematical creativity.

In t erpret ation of a lit erary work is endless. There is no one true place where it can be halt ed. It cannot be arres t ed at the poin t where it comes in t o conflict with how a writ er sees their own depiction of others or of themselves. Once a piece of writing has been put in t o circulation, it ceases e x cep t in the mos t mat erial sense - t o be the property of its author . Nor can it be con trolled and limit ed by the views of an y one individual, no matt er how close t o the subject they may have been, or s till f eel themselves t o be

The objective of this paper is t o find out s tresses dis tribution of LPG gas cylinder by using finit e elemen t t echnique. The mat erial used in manuf acture of cylinder is low carbon s t eel. The LPG gas cylinder is IS 3196.Acc ording t o which the thickness of LPG gas cylinder is 2.5 mm. The mat erial properties are considered with respect t o low carbon s t eel. W e will verify the s tresses and def ormation with FE A of LPG gas cylinder by using ANS YS software. Comput er aided in ves tigations are carried using ANS YS, t o verify maximum s tress and its location. T o predict det ailed s tress 3D solid model has been chosen

In India, people learn the essential themes of cultural life within the bosom of a family . In most of the country , the basic units of society ar e the patrilineal family unit and wider r elationship gr oupings. The most widely desir ed r esidential unit is the joint family , ideally consisting of thr ee or four patrilineally r elated generations, all living under one r oof, working, eating, worshiping, and cooperating together in mutually beneficial social and economic activities. Patrilineal joint families include men r elated thr ough the male line, along with their wives and childr en. Most young women expect to live with their husband's r elatives after marriage, but they r etain important bonds with their natal families

Kinship is a r elationship between any entities that shar e a genealogical origin, thr ough either biological, cultural, or historical descent. In anthr opology the kinship system includes people r elated both by descent and marriage, while usage in biology includes descent and mating. Human kinship r elations thr ough marriage ar e commonly called “affinity” in c ontrast to “descent” (al so call ed “consanguini ty” ), although the two may overlap in marriages among those of common descent. Family r elations as sociocultural genealogy lead back to gods (see mythology , r eligion), animals that wer e in the ar ea or natural phenomena (as in origin stories). Kinship is one of the most basic principles for or ganizing individuals into social gr oups, r oles, categories, and gen eal ogy . Fam ily r ela tio ns can be r epr ese nte d con cr ete ly (mo the r , br oth er , grandfather) or abstractly after degr ees of r elationship. A r elationship may have r elative pur chase (e. g. father is one r egar ding a child), or r eflect an absolute (e. g. status differ ence between a mother and a childless woman). Degr ees of r elationship ar e not identical to heirship or legal succession. Many codes of ethics consider the bond of kinship as cr eating obligations between the r elated persons str onger than those between strangers, as in Confucian filial piety

India can protect and res t ore env ironmen t al and natural resources by spreading awareness on such issues among its citiz ens. Emergenc e of en vironmen t al education as a compulsory subject at school level is a welcome developmen t. The presen t in ves tigation was undert ak en t o s tudy the en vironmen t al awareness among the high school s tuden ts, relat ed t o their Se x (Boys/Girls), Locality (Rural/Urban) and types of schools (Govt,/Privat e). The s tudy was conduct ed in Davangere dis trict of K arnat ak a.

Today many new companies are coming in to existence and because of these the competition is also growing rapidly. Because of this reason they have to compete with their competitors' constantly. In some industries the new companies may not come in to existence but the competition between the existing companies is growing more and more. The soft drink industry is mainly suffering with this particular problem.